What does correlation measure?

Correlation measures the extent of statistical association among two or more variables. It quantifies how two variables are related to one another, indicating the strength and direction of their relationship. A positive correlation signifies that as one variable increases, the other tends to increase as well. In contrast, a negative correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other tends to decrease.

Understanding correlation is vital in data analysis, as it helps determine whether changes in one variable might reflect changes in another, although it does not imply causation. Other options may suggest relationships or occurrences, but they do not capture the essence of what correlation specifically measures in the context of statistical analysis.