What are probability distributions?

Probability distributions are fundamentally about the relationships between various outcomes of a random event and the likelihood of each outcome occurring. Specifically, a probability distribution provides a way to quantify the probabilities associated with different possible outcomes in a given scenario. This includes both discrete outcomes, such as rolling a die, and continuous outcomes, such as measuring the height of individuals.

The correct choice accurately describes this concept by highlighting that a probability distribution encompasses a set of probabilities attached to various possible outcomes. This means that for any event being measured, one can understand the likelihood of each outcome and make informed decisions based on that data.

In contrast, other options do not capture the essence of what probability distributions signify. Uniform outcomes relate to specific types of distributions but do not embody the broader concept. A summary of statistical measures may include aspects of distributions, but it doesn’t directly define what a probability distribution is. Data representation methods in surveys refer to how data is visually or mathematically represented, which is a different concept and unrelated to the formal definition of probability distributions.